WKB Legal Alert | CIT – update and commercial law significant changes in the taxation of partnerships starting on 1 January 2021
On 30 November 2020, the laws on corporate income tax (CIT) were published in the Polish Journal of Laws, introducing changes in the tax rules applicable to partnerships.
As of 1 January 2021, limited partnerships will become CIT payers. The law makes it possible for limited partnerships to postpone the application of the new regulations, as a result of which they may become CIT taxpayers at a later stage, i.e. from 1 May 2021. General partnerships will also be affected (i.e. they will become CIT payers) if they fail to meet the conditions specified in the new regulations.
As a consequence of these changes, the popular structure of a limited partnership with a limited liability company as a general partner, as the optimal structure to do business especially in family-owned businesses, will become markedly less attractive.
Due to the very short period of time foreseen between the amendments’ adoption and their entry into force, entrepreneurs may not be able to adequately prepare for the upcoming changes, including changing the form in which they do business, which may expose them to serious financial consequences.
What amendments will be introduced to CIT?
As a result of the introduction of new regulations, income earned by a limited partnership, as well as by a general partnership which does not fulfill the conditions for an exemption, will be taxed both at the level of the partnership itself and its partners. Currently, the income of both limited and general partnerships is taxed only at the level of their partners, meaning that these partnerships are “tax transparent”. This makes them an attractive form in which to do business for entrepreneurs, in particular family-owned businesses. Compared to commercial companies (which are regulated by the Commercial Code), partnerships avoid the so-called double taxation of income earned by the company.
The above change will apply to all limited partnerships, regardless of revenues generated, the legal status of their partners, or their tax year (limited partnerships whose tax year is different from the calendar year will be obliged to close their books on the day preceding the day of becoming a CIT taxpayer).
In the case of general partnerships, they will be subject to CIT as a result of the introduced changes if not only natural persons are partners of the general partnership, and the general partnership fails to disclose to the tax authorities information concerning taxpayers of the personal income tax and corporate income tax, having, directly or through entities which are not taxpayers of the income tax (e.g. another general partnership), rights to participate in the profit of such general partnership. To comply with this requirement, it may, in certain situations, prove necessary to disclose a large part of a group’s structure, irrespective of the jurisdiction in which a given partner operates. This may not be a desirable solution for companies doing business on a smaller scale.
How to prepare for these changes?
Due to the relatively short period of time left before the amendments to the tax rules applicable to partnerships are expected to enter into force any reorganization measures planned by taxpayers should be undertaken as soon as possible.
However, there are significant limitations to the most obvious solution, which appears to be the transformation of a business from a limited partnership to a general partnership (which can be exempted more readily). In practice, the transformation process itself takes a minimum of three months. Moreover, such a change may have negative consequences for the partners on account of their safe status as limited partners being replaced by full liability for all business-related obligations.
Therefore, any reorganization measures require a careful analysis of both the potential benefits and any negative effects. However, these measures may not necessarily offset the expected tax losses. Such activities may also have an adverse impact on a business’s daily operations and functions.
Reorganization tailored to the business’s needs
The recommended course of action is to develop an optimal scenario from the perspective of both tax and commercial law, which will meet the needs of a given business, taking into account the specific characteristics of their business, such as its size or the risks associated with it.
Due to the very short timeline foreseen, it remains possible to rapidly prepare and implement interim solutions while continuing to work on an optimal scenario, which would require more time to develop and implement.
Where certain reorganization measures have already been implemented, or are in the process of implementation, it is worthwhile to further analyze them comprehensively in terms of their consequences for partners, and the possibility of mitigating risks related to them.
Entry into force
The new regulations will enter into force on 1 January 2021, however, limited partnerships may postpone the application of the new regulations on becoming a CIT taxpayer until 1 May 2021.
Please contact our lawyers from the corporate law and corporate governance team and the tax law team: Anna Wojciechowska, Łukasz Czekański and Krzysztof Wawrzyniak.
Alert can be downloaded HERE.